Phenol Phenol
Structural formula
| Business number | 02YB |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | C6H6O |
| Molecular weight | 94.11 |
| label |
carbolic acid, phenol, industrial phenol, Hydroxybenzene, carbolic acid, solid phenol, Oxybenzene, Carbolic acid, Hydroxybenzene, Phenic acid, Phenylic acid, Phenyl hydroxide, Benzenol, Carbolic acid, Hydroxybenzene, Aromatic halogen derivatives, organic insulating materials |
Numbering system
CAS number:108-95-2
MDL number:MFCD00002143
EINECS number:203-632-7
RTECS number:SJ3325000
BRN number:969616
PubChem number:24899028
Physical property data
1. Characteristics: colorless or white crystals with special odor. It turns pink or even red in the air and under the influence of light. [1]
2. pH value: 6.0 (aqueous solution) [2]
3. Melting point (℃): 40.6[3]
4. Boiling point (℃): 181.9[4]
5. Relative density (water = 1): 1.071[5]
6. Relative vapor density (air=1): 3.24[6]
7. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 0.13 (40.1℃)[7]
8. Heat of combustion (kJ/mol): -3050.6[8]
9. Critical temperature (℃): 419.2[9]
10. Critical pressure (MPa): 6.13[10 ]
11. Octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.46[11]
12. Flash point (℃): 79 (CC ); 85 (OC) [12]
13. Ignition temperature (℃): 715[13]
14. Explosion upper limit (%): 9.5[14]
15. Explosion lower limit (%): 1.3[15]
16. Solubility: Slightly soluble in cold water, miscible in ethanol, ether, chloroform, and glycerol. [16]
17. Viscosity (mPa·s, 10ºC): 20.10
18. Viscosity (mPa·s, 20ºC): 11.04
19. Viscosity (mPa·s, 30ºC): 7.09
20. Heat of evaporation (KJ/kg, 25ºC): 596.7
21. Heat of evaporation (KJ /kg, b.p.): 487.3
22. Heat of fusion (KJ/mol, 25ºC): 10.59
23. Specific heat capacity (KJ/(kg·K), 22.6ºC, constant Pressure): 1.42
24. Conductivity (S/m): 1~3×10-8
25. Vapor pressure (kPa, 44.6 ºC): 0.13
26. Solubility (%, 20ºC, water): 8.36
27. Volume expansion coefficient (K-1): 0.00078
28. Refractive index at room temperature (n25): 1.540841
29. Relative density (25℃, 4℃�Pressure distillation, the collected fractions are crystallized several times in their molten state to obtain the finished product.
8. Distillation and dehydration: The acidic crude phenol produced by acidification is neutralized with sodium carbonate to control the slight alkalinity. After clarification and stratification, the slightly alkaline crude phenol is continuously pumped into the dehydration tower for vacuum dehydration. The vacuum degree is above 66.5KPa. The temperature at the top of the tower is about 80℃, and the temperature at the bottom of the tower is 140~150℃. Concentrate about 80% of the crude phenol to about 90%. Distillation: Pour 8700L of concentrated 90% crude phenol into the distillation pot for vacuum distillation. The pre-separation (stage of producing phenol water and liquid phenol) is heated with steam. The temperature in the pot rises from 100°C to 125°C. The temperature at the top of the tower is controlled at 50-60°C in the early stage and 80-90°C in the later stage. The condenser outlet temperature is 20 ~30℃, the vacuum degree in the pot rises from 85.1kPa to 90.1-93.1kPa, and the phenol water and liquid phenol flow into the front fraction receiving tank. According to the temperature and vacuum conditions in the pot, when the freezing point is determined to be above 39.8°C by sampling, the distillate is switched to the finished product tank. In the stage of producing finished products, the heating steam pressure gradually rises to about 0.8MPa, the temperature in the pot and the temperature at the top of the tower gradually increase, the vacuum in the pot gradually decreases, and the outlet temperature is 50~55°C. In the later stage of the finished product, the flow rate is very small, the temperature at the top of the tower drops to 100~110℃, and the vacuum in the pot rises to 90.4~93.1kPa. It can be considered that the finished product is clean and post-separation can be carried out. After that, separate the phenol water. Open direct steam to take the phenol in the residue out of the pot with water vapor, and keep the vacuum at about 79.8kPa. After 1 hour, stop dispensing phenol water, add 400~500L of water, and then put the residue.
Purpose
1. It is an important raw material for organic synthesis, used in the production of phenolic resin, bisphenol A, phenolphthalein, picric acid, salicylic acid, alkylphenol and other chemicals, and can also be used as a solvent. Widely used in the manufacture of phenolic resins, epoxy resins, nylon fibers, plasticizers, developers, preservatives, pesticides, fungicides, dyes, medicines, spices and explosives, etc.
2. It is used in the oil field industry and is also an important organic chemical raw material. It can be used to prepare phenolic resin, caprolactam, bisphenol A, salicylic acid, picric acid, pentachlorophenol, phenolphthalein, and chlorine. Chemical products and intermediates such as acetyl ethoxyaniline are widely used in industries such as chemical raw materials, alkylphenols, synthetic fibers, plastics, synthetic rubber, medicines, pesticides, spices, dyes, coatings and oil refining.
3. Used as analytical reagents, such as solvents and organic modifiers for liquid chromatography, photometric determination of ammonia, and thin-layer method for determination of carbohydrates. It is also used as a preservative, disinfectant, and in organic synthesis.
4. Widely used in plastics, dyes, medicines, synthetic rubber, spices, coatings, oil refining, synthetic fibers and other industries.
5. Used as antioxidant for fluoroborate tin plating and tin alloy, and also used as other electroplating additives.
6. Used to produce phenolic resin, bisphenol A, caprolactam, aniline, alkyl phenol, etc. It is used as a selective extraction solvent for lubricants in the petroleum refining industry and is also used in the plastics and pharmaceutical industries. [32]
