Carbon disulfide Carbon disulfide
Structural formula
| Business number | 01J2 |
|---|---|
| Molecular formula | CS2 |
| Molecular weight | 76.14 |
| label |
carbon disulfide, Dithoicarbonic anhydride, Carbon bisulfide, Aliphatic sulfur compounds |
Numbering system
CAS number:75-15-0
MDL number:MFCD00011321
EINECS number:200-843-6
RTECS number:FF6650000
BRN number:1098293
PubChem number:24860298
Physical property data
1. Properties: colorless or light yellow transparent liquid with pungent odor and easy to evaporate. [1]
2. Melting point (℃): -111.5[2]
3. Boiling point (℃): 46.3[3]
4. Relative density (water = 1): 1.26[4]
5. Relative vapor Density (air=1): 2.63[5]
6. Saturated vapor pressure (kPa): 40 (20℃)[6]
7. Heat of combustion (kJ/mol): -1029.4[7]
8. Critical temperature (℃): 280[8]
9. Critical pressure (MPa): 7.39[9]
10. Octanol/water partition coefficient: 1.94 [10]
11. Flash point (℃): -30 (CC) [11]
12. Ignition temperature ( ℃): 90[12]
13. Explosion upper limit (%): 50.0[13]
14. Explosion Lower limit (%): 1.3[14]
15. Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in most organic solvents such as ethanol and ether. [15]
16. Refractive index (25ºC): 1.6241
17. Viscosity (mPa·s, 20ºC): 0.363
18. Ignition point (ºC): 100
19. Heat of evaporation (KJ/mol, 25ºC): 27.54
20. Heat of fusion (KJ/mol): 4.392
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21. Heat of formation (KJ/mol): 89.47
22. Specific heat capacity (KJ/(kg·K), 25ºC, constant pressure): 1.00
23 .Conductivity (S/m, 25ºC): 3.7×10-3
Toxicological data
1. Acute toxicity[16] LD50: 3188mg/kg (rat oral)
2. Irritation No data yet
3. Subacute and chronic toxicity[17] Rabbit inhalation 1.28g/m3, 5 months, causing chronic poisoning; 0.5~0.6g/m3, 6.5 months, causing an increase in serum cholesterol.
4. Mutagenicity [18] Microbial mutagenicity: Salmonella typhimurium 100μg/dish. Sister chromatid exchange: human lymphocytes 10200μg/L
5. Teratogenicity [19] Inhalation is the lowest in rats 1 to 22 days after pregnancy Toxic dose (TCLo) 10mg/m3 (8h) can cause eye and ear development malformations. Rats inhaled the lowest toxic dose (TCLo) 100 mg/m3 (8 hours) from 1 to 21 days after pregnancy, causing developmental malformations of the craniofacial region (including nose and tongue).
6. Others[20] Minimum toxic concentration for male inhalation (TCLo): 40mg/m3 (91 weeks ), causing changes in sperm production. The minimum toxic concentration for inhalation in rats (TCLo): 100mg/m3 (8h) (administered from 1st to 21st day of pregnancy), �equipment and suitable containment materials.
2. This product is packed in glass bottles and metal barrels (aluminum barrels, iron barrels, storage tanks) and protected by wooden boxes, and must be stored in Store in warehouses made of non-combustible materials and with ground ventilation facilities, away from fire sources and away from sunlight. In summer, cooling measures should be taken to keep storage below 17°C. There should be no electrical equipment or heating facilities near the warehouse, and lightning or static electricity ignition must be prevented. The liquid level of the storage tank should be sealed with inert gas. Store and transport according to regulations for flammable materials.
Synthesis method
1. Methane sulfur method: solid sulfur is heated and melted into liquid, and then purified with activated clay. Natural gas purification treatment uses light diesel to adsorb fractions above C2 and separate pure methane gas. After the natural gas and sulfur vapor are heated, they can be fully mixed and heated to 650°C, and then sent to the reactor for reaction. The pressurized partial condensation method is used to separate carbon disulfide and hydrogen sulfide, and carbon disulfide is obtained after distillation. The reaction formula is as follows:
2. Charcoal sulfur method :According to different heating methods, it can be divided into two categories: external heating iron retort method and internal heating electric furnace method. Generally, the three-phase electric furnace method is used. In the electric furnace method, charcoal is directly roasted at 800°C to remove moisture and organic matter and then added to the electric furnace intermittently. Molten sulfur is continuously added to the electric furnace to react with the red charcoal at about 1000°C. The generated carbon disulfide is desulfurized and condensed to obtain a crude product, which is then refined. Distillation and condensation to obtain carbon disulfide finished product. The reaction formula is as follows:
3. Commercially available Carbon disulfide is synthesized by heating charcoal and sulfur to 850 to 950°C. As a reagent, it can meet general requirements, but when the required purity is high, the following methods need to be used to remove the impurities contained in it. These impurities are hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous acid, sulfuric acid, organic sulfides, water and sulfur. Add 100 to 200 g of mercury and an appropriate amount of phosphorus pentoxide to 500 mL of commercially available carbon disulfide, shake for about 1 hour, filter, fractionate the filtrate away from light, discard the high and low fractions, and collect the middle fraction. The collected fractions are remixed with mercury and phosphorus pentoxide, shaken, and fractionated. Repeat this operation until the content of harmful impurities reaches the standard.
Refining method: Impurities contained include sulfur, sulfide and water. There are several refining methods: ① Distill 3 times with a glass still. ② Dry with calcium chloride and then fractionate multiple times. ③ Shake with mercury to remove sulfide, then dry and fractionate with phosphorus pentoxide. ④ Add 5g of crushed potassium permanganate to 1L of carbon disulfide and shake it thoroughly until the hydrogen sulfide is completely removed and then place it. After separation, add a small amount of mercury and shake it to remove the sulfur until the interface does not turn black further. Finally, add 5g of mercury sulfate to each 1L of carbon disulfide and shake to eliminate the odor. After separation, it is dried with calcium chloride and fractionated.
4. Use industrial carbon disulfide as raw material, add anhydrous copper sulfate (25-37.5g copper sulfate is required for each carbon disulfide), stir thoroughly until the black powder disappears and there is no unpleasant smell, immediately Filter to remove insoluble impurities, then add anhydrous copper sulfate to the filtrate, distill, and collect the fractions according to product specifications, which is the pure product.
Purpose
1. Used in the manufacture of viscose fiber, cellophane, xanthate, thiocyanate and carbon tetrachloride. Xanthate produced from carbon disulfide is used as an ore flotation agent in the metallurgical industry. Used in the production of agricultural pesticides. When vulcanized in the rubber industry, it can be used as a solvent for sulfur chloride. Use it to make anti-corrosion agents for equipment and pipelines in ammonia treatment systems. It is also a solvent used for testing primary amines, secondary amines and α-amino acids, measuring refractive index, and chromatographic analysis. It is also used to extract oil from linseed, olive fruit, animal bones, leather and wool. Used as an accelerator in aviation. It is also used as a solvent for grease, wax, paint, camphor, resin, rubber, sulfur, phosphorus, iodine, etc., as a degreasing agent for wool, as an agricultural pesticide, as a soil disinfectant, as a stain remover for clothes, etc. In analysis, it is used for the determination of primary amines, secondary amines and α-amino acids and as a solvent for infrared spectroscopy.
2. Carbon disulfide is widely used in metallurgy, pesticides, rubber, viscose fiber and other industrial fields. It has good penetrability and is generally used as a mixture with non-combustible ingredients when fumigating grain. Fumigation of dry seeds with carbon disulfide does not reduce seed viability. For grains such as wheat, barley, corn, rice, etc., fumigation at 250g/m3 for 24 hours will not affect germination. Gaseous carbon disulfide can seriously damage or kill growing plants or seedlings. Water-diluted carbon disulfide emulsion treats the soil around the roots of evergreen trees and deciduous seedlings, and can effectively control a variety of underground pests. Due to the flammable and explosive properties of carbon disulfide, this agent is used less and less in modern fumigations.
3. Mainly used as raw material for manufacturing viscose fiber and cellophane. Xanthate produced from carbon disulfide is used as an ore flotation agent in the metallurgical industry. Used in the production of agricultural pesticides. When vulcanized in the rubber industry, it can be used as a solvent for sulfur chloride. It is also a solvent used for testing primary amines, secondary amines and α-amino acids, measuring refractive index, and chromatographic analysis. It is also used to extract oil from linseed, olive fruit, animal bones, leather and wool. Used as aerospace accelerator.
4. Used as analytical reagents, solvents, viscose fiber and wool degreasing agents. Also used for refractive index determination.
5. Used in the manufacture of rayon, pesticides, accelerator M, accelerator D, and also used as solvents. [30]
VJ wool degreaser. Also used for refractive index determination.
5. Used in the manufacture of rayon, pesticides, accelerator M, accelerator D, and also used as solvents. [30]